TECHNICAL

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

• Two highly efficient brushless 24V 140A alternators (Prestolite Leece-Neville BLD3365GH) on the engine for charging house batteries, each with Balmar MC-624 charging regulators.
• 12V 100A alternator charging the starter battery and stern thruster batteries.
• 24V 9kWh Lithium LiFePO4 main battery bank, comprising 2x Genasun 180Ah 24V units with redundant BMS systems.
• 230VAC system: Victron MultiPlus 2x2kW inverter/chargers in parallel for redundancy, AC ring wired inside boat, incl. 3.5kVA Isolation Transformer.

The boat has a carefully designed very powerful electrical system, capable of running air conditioning and watermaker without the need for a separate diesel generator. Instead, there are two large 24V brushless fire truck alternators with a 73% efficiency directly on the engine that produces 6kW of direct charging of two large house banks of Lithium batteries (9kWh total capacity). Two 2kW inverters in parallel supply abundant of 230VAC power to run air conditioning and household appliances like a Nespresso coffee machine, toaster, water kettle and vacuum cleaner. So not only is there complete redundancy in having duplicate alternators, batteries and inverters, but also a huge weight saving of appr. 5-600kgs by eliminating the need for a generator and large banks of lead acid batteries as in traditional systems. The watermaker is also very energy efficient and runs directly off 24VDC.

The direct DC charging of Lithium LiFePO4 batteries from the alternators is offering another huge benefit in terms of much reduced charging time compared to typical systems. On Cheetah, a depleted house battery (in practice appr. 20% state of charge – SOC) can be topped up to close to 100% SOC with a 1hr15m run of the engine at 1000rpm, or 2x 30min per 24hrs when on a passage. On other boats with a typical generator that produces 230VAC this must be converted to DC through a battery charger, limiting the charging power to a fraction of the output of the generator. And the poor charge acceptance rate of lead acid batteries limits charging further, resulting in as much as four times longer charging times, with the nuisance of noise and exhaust smell from the generator for hours and hours, and extra maintenance of a 2nd diesel engine.

The Lithium house bank powers all major systems on board, including the bow thruster, windlass, headsail furler and hydraulic power pack. The very stiff voltage (little drop at high load) of Li-ion makes this possible without the use of separate bow buffer batteries as found in traditional setups, simplifying the installation and saving weight.

However, there is in addition a 24V 110Ah AGM bank that can be engaged with a switch to act as an emergency power source in case of power failure of the Lithium batteries (eg. due to a lightning strike that could harm the electronics in the Battery Management System). This AGM bank powers the stern thruster in normal operation, and is charged from the 12V 100A alternator that comes standard with the Nanni engine, via a 12-24V Battery-to-battery charger. This 12V alternator is also used to charge a dedicated 12V engine starter battery.

At right is an overview of the electrical system.

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